In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
netfilter: nf_conntrack_expect: use expect->helper
Use expect->helper in ctnetlink and /proc to dump the helper name. Using nfct_help() without holding a reference to the master conntrack is unsafe.
Use exp->master->helper in ctnetlink path if userspace does not provide an explicit helper when creating an expectation to retain the existing behaviour. The ctnetlink expectation path holds the reference on the master conntrack and nf_conntrack_expect lock and the nfnetlink glue path refers to the master ct that is attached to the skb.