The admin url can be discovered without prior knowledge of it's location by exploiting the X-Original-Url header on some configurations.
The bug comes from the Zend library and is patche by unsetting the header in the bootstrap process.
Unset the X-Original-Url header in the web server configuration.
The activation of these headers is coming from the Zend_Controller module. It appears this has been known to some degree since 2016 - https://peterocallaghan.co.uk/2016/12/magento-poisoning-cache/ (dead link now..)
Anees Hyder ( @anees0xdev ) via HackerOne https://hackerone.com/anees0x_dev/hacktivity
20.16.1Exploitability
AV:NAC:LPR:NUI:NScope
S:UImpact
C:LI:NA:N5.3/CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N