GHSA-h27x-rffw-24p4

Impact

Within the URI template implementation in Addressable, two classes of URI template generate regular expressions vulnerable to catastrophic backtracking:

1. Templates using the * (explode) modifier with any expansion operator (e.g., {foo*}, {+var*}, {#var*}, {/var*}, {.var*}, {;var*}, {?var*}, {&var*}) generate patterns with nested unbounded quantifiers that are O(2^n) when matched against a maliciously crafted URI.
2. Templates using multiple variables with the + or # operators (e.g., {+v1,v2,v3}) generate patterns with O(n^k) complexity due to the comma separator being within the matched character class, causing ambiguous backtracking across k variables.

When matched against a maliciously crafted URI, this can result in catastrophic backtracking and uncontrolled resource consumption, leading to denial of service. The first pattern was partially addressed in 2.8.10 for certain operator combinations. Both patterns are fully remediated in 2.9.0.

Users of the URI parsing capabilities in Addressable but not the URI template matching capabilities are unaffected.

Affected Versions

This vulnerability affects Addressable >= 2.3.0 (note: 2.3.0 and 2.3.1 were yanked; the earliest installable release is 2.3.2). It was partially fixed in version 2.8.10 and fully remediated in 2.9.0.

The vulnerability is more exploitable on MRI Ruby < 3.2 and on all versions of JRuby and TruffleRuby. MRI Ruby 3.2 and later ship with Onigmo 6.9, which introduces memoization that prevents catastrophic backtracking for the first class of template. JRuby and TruffleRuby do not implement equivalent memoization and remain vulnerable to all patterns.

This has been confirmed on the following runtimes:

| Runtime | Status | |---------|--------| | MRI Ruby 2.6 | Vulnerable | | MRI Ruby 2.7 | Vulnerable | | MRI Ruby 3.0 | Vulnerable | | MRI Ruby 3.1 | Vulnerable | | MRI Ruby 3.2 | Partially vulnerable | | MRI Ruby 3.3 | Partially vulnerable | | MRI Ruby 3.4 |...