GHSA-289f-fq7w-6q2w

Summary

BuiltinCaptcha::garbageCollector() and BuiltinCaptcha::saveCaptcha() at phpmyfaq/src/phpMyFAQ/Captcha/BuiltinCaptcha.php:298 and :330 interpolate the User-Agent header and client IP address into DELETE and INSERT queries with sprintf and no escaping. Both methods run on every hit to the public GET /api/captcha endpoint, which requires no authentication. An unauthenticated attacker sets the User-Agent header to a crafted SQL payload and runs SLEEP(), BENCHMARK(), or time-based blind extraction against the database that backs phpMyFAQ. Verified live against 4.2.0-alpha (master at b9f25109): baseline request 147 ms, request with User-Agent: x' OR SLEEP(2) OR 'x 4.09 s (two SLEEP(2) calls, one per vulnerable sink).

Details

phpmyfaq/src/phpMyFAQ/Captcha/BuiltinCaptcha.php:112 populates two private fields from untrusted HTTP input at construction time:

$this->userAgent = $request->headers->get('user-agent');
$this->ip = $request->getClientIp();

Both fields are then dropped into sprintf() SQL templates without ever touching Database::escape() or a prepared statement.

garbageCollector() at line 298 (called on every captcha request via getCaptchaImage()):

$delete = sprintf(
    "
    DELETE FROM
        %sfaqcaptcha
    WHERE
        useragent = '%s' AND language = '%s' AND ip = '%s'",
    Database::getTablePrefix(),
    $this->userAgent,                                      // unescaped
    $this->configuration->getLanguage()->getLanguage(),
    $this->ip,                                             // unescaped
);
$this->configuration->getDb()->query($delete);

saveCaptcha() at line 330 does the same for INSERT:

$insert = sprintf(
    "INSERT INTO %sfaqcaptcha (id, useragent, language, ip, captcha_time) VALUES ('%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', %d)",
    Database::getTablePrefix(),
    $this->code,
    $this->userAgent,                                      // unescaped...