Marlin Firmware through 2.1.2.7, fixed in commit 1f255d1, when built with MESH_BED_LEVELING enabled, contains an out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the M421 G-code handler that allows attackers to corrupt firmware memory by supplying out-of-range X and Y grid indices. Attackers can send a single crafted G-code command via USB serial, network interface, or malicious gcode file to write an attacker-controlled 32-bit float value past the z_values array bounds, corrupting adjacent firmware variables and causing denial of service or firmware state corruption.
Exploitability
AV:NAC:LAT:PPR:NUI:NVulnerable System
VC:NVI:HVA:HSubsequent System
SC:NSI:NSA:N8.3/CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:NOther