In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
netfilter: nf_queue: hold bridge skb->dev while queued
br_pass_frame_up() rewrites skb->dev from the ingress port to the bridge master before queueing bridge LOCAL_IN packets. NFQUEUE only holds references on state.in/out and bridge physdevs, so a queued bridge packet can retain a freed bridge master in skb->dev until reinjection.
When the verdict is reinjected later, br_netif_receive_skb() re-enters the receive path with skb->dev still pointing at the freed bridge master, triggering a use-after-free.
Store skb->dev in the queue entry, hold a reference on it for the queue lifetime, and use the saved device when dropping queued packets during NETDEV_DOWN handling.
Exploitability
AV:LAC:LPR:LUI:NScope
S:UImpact
C:HI:HA:H7.8/CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H