A custom client can produce such an upload request to the BuildKit daemon that files can escape from the BuildKit-controlled state directory. The client needs to have valid permissions to access the BuildKit control API to issue builds, e.g., bypass authentication, etc.
Exploitability
AV:LAC:LAT:NPR:LUI:NVulnerable System
VC:NVI:HVA:HSubsequent System
SC:NSI:NSA:N6.9/CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:NInput Validation